New and Interesting Fungi. 5.

Nine new genera, 17 new species, nine new combinations, seven epitypes, three lectotypes, one neotype, and 14 interesting new host and / or geographical records are introduced in this study. New genera: Neobarrmaelia (based on Neobarrmaelia hyphaenes), Neobryochiton (based on Neobryochiton narthecii), Neocamarographium (based on Neocamarographium carpini), Nothocladosporium (based on Nothocladosporium syzygii), Nothopseudocercospora (based on Nothopseudocercospora dictamni), Paracamarographium (based on Paracamarographium koreanum), Pseudohormonema (based on Pseudohormonema sordidus), Quasiphoma (based on Quasiphoma hyphaenes), Rapidomyces (based on Rapidomyces narthecii). New species: Ascocorticium sorbicola (on leaves of Sorbus aucuparia, Belgium), Dactylaria retrophylli (on leaves of Retrophyllum rospigliosii, Colombia), Dactylellina miltoniae (on twigs of Miltonia clowesii, Colombia), Exophiala eucalyptigena (on dead leaves of Eucalyptus viminalis subsp. viminalis supporting Idolothrips spectrum, Australia), Idriellomyces syzygii (on leaves of Syzygium chordatum, South Africa), Microcera lichenicola (on Parmelia sulcata, Netherlands), Neobarrmaelia hyphaenes (on leaves of Hyphaene sp., South Africa), Neobryochiton narthecii (on dead leaves of Narthecium ossifragum, Netherlands), Niesslia pseudoexilis (on dead leaf of Quercus petraea, Serbia), Nothocladosporium syzygii (on leaves of Syzygium chordatum, South Africa), Nothotrimmatostroma corymbiae (on leaves of Corymbia henryi, South Africa), Phaeosphaeria hyphaenes (on leaves of Hyphaene sp., South Africa), Pseudohormonema sordidus (on a from human pacemaker, USA), Quasiphoma hyphaenes (on leaves of Hyphaene sp., South Africa), Rapidomyces narthecii (on dead leaves of Narthecium ossifragum, Netherlands), Reticulascus parahennebertii (on dead culm of Juncus inflexus, Netherlands), Scytalidium philadelphianum (from compressed air in a factory, USA). New combinations: Neobarrmaelia serenoae, Nothopseudocercospora dictamni, Dothiora viticola, Floricola sulcata, Neocamarographium carpini, Paracamarographium koreanum, Rhexocercosporidium bellocense, Russula lilacina. Epitypes: Elsinoe corni (on leaves of Cornus florida, USA), Leptopeltis litigiosa (on dead leaf fronds of Pteridium aquilinum, Netherlands), Nothopseudocercospora dictamni (on living leaves of Dictamnus albus, Russia), Ramularia arvensis (on leaves of Potentilla reptans, Netherlands), Rhexocercosporidium bellocense (on leaves of Verbascum sp., Germany), Rhopographus filicinus (on dead leaf fronds of Pteridium aquilinum, Netherlands), Septoria robiniae (on leaves of Robinia pseudoacacia, Belgium). Lectotypes: Leptopeltis litigiosa (on Pteridium aquilinum, France), Rhopographus filicinus (on dead leaf fronds of Pteridium aquilinum, Netherlands), Septoria robiniae (on leaves of Robinia pseudoacacia, Belgium). Neotype: Camarographium stephensii (on dead leaf fronds of Pteridium aquilinum, Netherlands). Citation: Crous PW, Begoude BAD, Boers J, Braun U, Declercq B, Dijksterhuis J, Elliott TF, Garay-Rodriguez GA, Jurjevic Z, Kruse J, Linde CC, Loyd A, Mound L, Osieck ER, Rivera-Vargas LI, Quimbita AM, Rodas CA, Roux J, Schumacher RK, Starink-Willemse M, Thangavel R, Trappe JM, van Iperen AL, Van Steenwinkel C, Wells A, Wingfield MJ, Yilmaz N, Groenewald JZ (2022) New and Interesting Fungi. 5. Fungal Systematics and Evolution 10: 19-90. doi: 10.3114/fuse.2022.10.02.

[Dynamic vascular imaging with magnetic resonance imaging of the thoracic and abdominal region. Technique optimization]. / L'imaging vascolare dinamico con risonanza magnetica dei distretti toracico e addominale. Ottimizzazione della tecnica.

Several Magnetic Resonance (MR) imaging techniques for the study of the main thoracic and abdominal vessels are analyzed. Such techniques based on the static representation of vessels, as MR angiography (MRA), are considered, together with dynamic techniques--i.e., cine MR--and those based on ultra-fast sequences with bolus contrast medium administration; the latter are considered also according to their use in the study of the early parenchymogram. Namely, the investigated techniques are: 3D/2D inflow imaging with and without presaturation, 3D inflow imaging with paramagnetic contrast medium administration, 2D/3D phase/dephase subtraction imaging, cine MR with heart gating, the sequential dynamic single-slice technique with bolus contrast medium, and the apnea multi-slice imaging. The main parameters are indicated for each technique and type of sequence. From our experience, rather precise indications emerge as to the use of the various techniques according to the investigated region and to the suspected disease. The best techniques for demonstrating sacciform aneurysms proved to be the 3D inflow ones, as well as the cine MR and the turbo-flash sequences with contrast medium; as for dissecting aneurysms, cine MR proved best. In portal flow conditions and in major veins thromboses, 2D inflow and phase/dephase subtraction sequences are suggested. In the study of renal stenoses, limitations and advantages of 2D versus 3D sequences are compared. Moreover, indications, limitations and specificity are analyzed of the early parenchymogram based on ultra-fast sequences with paramagnetic contrast medium. In the authors' experience, the different MR vascular imaging techniques must be considered only an integration to more specific investigations, but it is likely that, as it happened with MRA of the head and neck, the increase in resolution and the reduction in artifacts will--soon--turn this kind of imaging into the examination of choice in vascular studies.

[Dynamic sequential study of hepatic nodular lesions with ultra-fast sequences and fast bolus of gadolinium-DTPA]. / Studio sequenziale dinamico delle lesioni nodulari epatiche mediante sequenze ultra-fast e impiego di gadolinio-DTPA in bolo rapido.

Eighty-five patients with single/multiple nodular hepatic lesions (10 focal nodular hyperplasias, 37 liver hemangiomas, 24 metastases and 16 hepatocellular carcinomas; 2 patients had associated lesions) were examined with dynamic single-slice sequences and fast i.v. bolus injection of Gd-DTPA. The dynamic single-slice technique was used to evaluate the peculiar features of the dynamic enhancement. The snapshot sequence proved best to provide the high temporal resolution of the dynamic parenchymal enhancement (scanning time < 1 second, one frame every third second). The following variables were investigated: nodular lesion intensity in the first basal snapshot image, enhancement appearance and its contemporaneity with arterial, venous or portal flows, enhancement gradient relative to surrounding liver parenchyma, morphologic features of the enhancement and its centrifugal/centripetal patterns. The enhancement curve of focal nodular hyperplasia increased very quickly during the first 20-25 seconds. This enhancement was quite similar to the arterial one and always occurred before portal and systemic venous times. Hemangiomas exhibited a typically slow growth-curve in the first 120 seconds, with a positive final gradient value relative to liver parenchyma. The appearance of peripheral contrast enhancement was a typical sign after 30 seconds. Metastases exhibited similar dynamic enhancement to hemangiomas, but peripheral enhancement was never observed and, after 120 seconds, gradient was null or negative relative to the adjacent liver parenchyma. Moreover, enhancement always followed portal times. Hepatocellular carcinomas showed an early growth curve, preceding portal times, but less marked than in hyperplasia. The study of our series provided the preliminary semiology of early dynamic enhancement patterns, which is quite specific to recognize and differentiate nodular hepatic lesions.